2 August 1990 – 28 February 1991
On the morning of August 2, 1990 the mechanized infantry, armor, and tank units of the Iraqi Republican Guard invaded Kuwait and seized control of that country. The invasion triggered a United States response, Operation DESERT SHIELD, to deter any invasion of Kuwait's oil rich neighbor, Saudi Arabia. On August 7, deployment of U.S. forces began. United Nations Security Council Resolutions 660 and 662 condemned Iraq's invasion and annexation and called for the immediate and unconditional withdrawal of Iraqi forces. On August 20 President Bush signed National Security Directive 45, "U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait," outlining U.S. objectives - which included the "immediate, complete, and unconditional withdrawal of all Iraqi forces from Kuwait," and the "restoration of Kuwait's legitimate government to replace the puppet regime installed by Iraq."
A U.N. ultimatum, Security Council Resolution 678, followed on November 29, 1990. It stipulated that if Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein did not remove his troops from Kuwait by January 15, 1991 a U.S.-led coalition was authorized to drive them out. Early in the morning of January 17, Baghdad time, the U.S.-led coalition launched air attacks against Iraqi targets. On February 24, coalition ground forces begin their attack. On February 27, Kuwait City was declared liberated, and with allied forces having driven well into Iraq, President Bush and his advisers decided to halt the war. A cease-fire took effect at 8:00 the following morning.
Facts:
Air Deployment Missions: 18,466 as of June 7, 1991
Facts:
Air Deployment Missions: 18,466 as of June 7, 1991
- 3,980 by C-5 Galaxy transports
- 9,085 by C-141 Starlifter transports
- 1,193 by C-130 Hercules transports
- 395 by KC-10 Extender aerial refuelers
- 3,813 by Civil Reserve Air Fleet carriers
- 509,129 passengers and 594,730 tons of cargo carried
U.S. Casualties: 147 battle deaths, 145 non-battle deaths, 1 missing in action
- Army: 98 battle; 105 non-battle
- Navy 5 battle; 8 non-battle; 1 missing in action
- Marines: 24 battle; 26 non-battle
- Air Force: 20 battle; 6 non-battle
- Women killed, 15
- Wounded in action: 467.
U.S. Commanders, U.S. Central Command, Operation Desert Storm
- Gen. H. Norman Schwarzkopf, USA, commander in chief
- Lt. Gen. Calvin Waller, USA, deputy commander in chief
- Maj. Gen. Robert B. Johnston, USMC, chief of staff
- Lt. Gen. John J. Yeosock, USA, Army commander
- Lt. Gen. Walter Boomer, USMC, Marine commander
- Vice Adm. Stanley Arthur, USN, Navy commander
- Lt. Gen. Charles Horner, USAF, Air Force commander
Food and Drug Administration issues the Interim Rule, "Informed Consent is Not Feasible" (FR 52814)
Desert Storm Begins During News Broadcast 1/2
The first bombs begin to fall on Baghdad. Caught live
on ABCNightly News with Peter Jennings. As with all
news casts of the event, no live video was
available at that time. Date: 1/16/91.Poison Something to believe in to all the troops
Note: The following documents are in PDF format.
This briefing book primarily focuses on the intelligence, space operations, and Scud-hunting aspects of the war. It also includes a report describing how Desert Storm affected China's view of future warfare, a document that raises questions as to what lessons other nations have drawn from U.S. military engagements in the Middle East and the Balkans.
Defense Intelligence Agency, Scud B Study, August 1974. Secret, 18 pp.
Document 2George Bush, National Security Directive 45, U.S. Policy in Response to the Iraqi Invasion of Kuwait, August 20, 1990. Secret, 5 pp.
Document 3DIA Iraq Regional Intelligence Task Force, Iraq Launches Multiple SRBM's Dec 2, December 3, 1990. Secret/Noforn, 1 p
Document 4George Bush, National Security Directive 54, Responding to Iraqi Aggression in the Gulf, January 15, 1991. Top Secret, 3 pp.
Document 5John F. Stewart Jr., Operation Desert Storm, The Military Intelligence Story: A View from the G-2 3d U.S. Army, April 1991. Unclassified, 44 pp.
Document 6United States Central Command, Operation Desert Shield/Desert Storm, 11 July 1991. Executive Summary. Top Secret, 31 pp.
Document 7Air Force Space Command, Desert Storm "Hot Wash" 12-13 Jul 1991, July 1991. Secret, 10 pp.
Document 8Defense Intelligence Agency, Defense Intelligence Assessment, Mobile Short-Range Ballistic Missile Targeting in Operation DESERT STORM, November 1991. Secret, 13 pp.
Document 9Office of History, HQ 37th Fighter Wing, Twelfth Air Force, Tactical Air Command, Nighthawks Over Iraq: A Chronology of the F-117A Stealth Fighter in Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, January 1992. Unclassified, 37 pp.
Document 10United States Space Command, United States Space Command Operations Desert Shield and Desert Storm, January 1992. Secret/Noforn, 109 pp.
Document 11Coy F. Cross II, 9th RW, The Dragon Lady Meets the Challenge: The U-2 in Desert Storm, n.d. Unclassified. (circa 1992)
Chapters 6 and 7, 29 pp.
Document 12Office of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Intelligence, Annual Historical Review, 1 October 1990 to 30 September 1991, 1993. pp.4-10 to 4-13. Secret, 5 pp.
Document 13Defense Intelligence Agency, Intelligence Information Report, PLA Modernizes Its Military Training Program, June 23, 1995. Unclassified, 13 pp.
Document 14Brian G. Shellum, DIA, Defense Intelligence Crisis Response Procedures and the Gulf War, 1996. Unclassified, 19 pp.
Document 15DCI Persian Gulf War Illnesses Task Force, Khamisiyah: A Historical Perspective on Related Intelligence, April 9, 1997. Unclassified, 24 pp.
Document 16Defense Intelligence Agency, A Chronology of Defense Intelligence in the Gulf War: A Research Aid for Analysts, July 1997. Unclassified, 56 pp.
The Iraqi High Tribunal sentences
a combative Saddam Hussein and two
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